Israel Cook Russell-explorer, geomorphologist, geographer, educator

摘要

Israel Cook Russell (1852-1906) is best known for his geomorphic studies of the Great Basin region and Cascade Arc during the latter half of the 19th Century. As a long-time U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) geologist and close associate of John Wesley Powell (1834- 1902) and Grove Karl Gilbert (184.3-1918), Russell was one of the foremost contributors to the science of Quaternary geology in the American West. Rabbitt (1980, p. 163) notes that Russell "endured rather than enjoyed the comforts of civilization" and was enthusiastic about fieldwork, especially in the American West. My purpose is to provide a review of his professional career with a focus on his contributions to geology.