We develop a magnetron-injection gun for a 1-cm wavelength gyrotron, which allows us to increase the operating current up to 50% of the Langmuir current of the gun by reducing the time required to bring electrons to the high-potential region. To measure the velocity distributions in helical electron beams for energies of several hundreds of keV, we propose, develop, and study a new electron-velocity distribution analyzer based on the phenomenon of electron reflection from an adiabatic magnetic mirror. The results of our study demonstrate that the gun is capable of forming high-quality intense beams suitable for generating microsecond microwave radiation with power higher than 10 MW in gyrotrons.
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