Cognitive and visual development: influence of differences in breast and formula fed infants.

摘要

Several recent studies document a beneficial effect of breast feeding on later neurodevelopmental outcomes. The mechanisms involved are still in need of elucidation, but evidence is accruing that the fatty acid (FA) composition of human milk plays arole. The composition of body fats, from circulating erythrocyte lipids to brain phospholipids, is linked in infants to the early feeding mode, and which FA predominates among circulating lipids influences visual and neurodevelopmental performance testscores. In these studies, great differences were found between breast-fed and standard formula-fed infants, the latter showing low tissue long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA: arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) accretion and lower visual and neurodevelopmental test scores. Human milk contains LCPUFA, while most available formulae, especially those intended for full-term infants, do not. With the progressive introduction of solid foods, thequestion arises whether a specific or ideal dietary lipid mixture can be found to meet growth requirements and ensure a lipid balance adequate for the early and effective preventive purposes. These complementary aspects are challenges for the paediatricnutrition researcher today.