CONCLUDING the Keystone XL Pipeline Controversy

摘要

TransCanada's Keystone pipeline system is considered one of the most extensively planned oil pipeline projects in North America. It was designed to be the major transport carrier of Canadian syncrude oil to U.S. refining centers in the Midwest and Gulf Coast region. The controversial Phase 4, more commonly referred to as Keystone XL, was to provide a second crude carrier line with an additional 830,000 barrels per day (bpd) from Hardisty, Alberta, to Steele City, Kan. Since the XL pipeline crosses the U.S.-Canadian border, it required a Presidential Permit from the U.S. Department of State, which so far has not been forthcoming.