This outline of analysis at the microscopic scale follows on from a previous article in the March 2004 MCT issue that considered the selection of tools and techniques which can be used to characterise materials [1]. Metal casters are all familiar with analysis at the macro-scale since for the majority of their products they have to provide test certificates for chemical composition to show that they are meeting customer specifications. They also know in the general sense about the use of electron microscopy to look at fine scale microstructures and other features such as metal fracture surfaces, sand grains and refractory materials. However many are not aware of how determination of chemical composition at the micro-scale (e.g. micro-segregation, analysis of individual phases, small precipitates and inclusions, etc.) is performed, or of how such information can be used to help solve foundry problems and so lead to improved casting alloys and processes. This short article is intended to encourage non-metallurgical readers in foundries to find out if their local university or research centre has microanalysis facilities, and if so, to consider how such facilities may provide them with technical assistance.
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