White box, black box and self-organization A system-to-environment approach to leadership

摘要

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present two system identification models - "white box" and "black box" - as useful tools that help understand self-organization processes within and outside the organizations facilitated by leaders. Every leader is presented as a "systems designer" who plays a fundamental role in the process of self-organization, both within and outside the organization under study.