Environmental and food applications of LC-tanden mass spectrometry in pesticide-residue analysis:an overview

摘要

An overview is given on pesticide-resiodue determination in environmental and food samples by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).Pesticidescomprise a large number of substances that belong to many completely different chemical groups,the only common characteristic in thatthey are effective against pests.They still constitute a challenge in MS because there is no collective pathway for fragmentation.A brief introduction to the theory of tandem MS permits a discussion of which parametersinfluence the ionization efficiency when the ions are subjected to different actions.Emphasis is placed on the different tandem MS instruments:triple and ion-trap quadrupoles,and hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF),including advantages and dawbacks,typical detection limits,and ion signals at low concentrations.The instrumental setup,as well as LC andmass spectrometric experimental conditions,must be carefully selectedto increase the performance of the analytical system.The capacity of each instrument to provide useful data for the identification of pesticides,adn the posibility to obtain structural information for the identification of target and non-target compounds,are discussed.Finally,sample preparation techniques and examples of applications are debated to reveal the potential of the current state-of-the-art technology,adn to further promote the usefulness of tandem MS.