Vaccinomics, predictive vaccinology and the future of vaccine development.

摘要

The concept of vaccinomics Vaccinology has rapidly progressed from the first empirical smallpox vaccine application in 1796 by Edward Jenner to the 'genomic era' of reverse vaccinology, computational vaccinology and recombi-nant vaccines (hepatitis B vaccine), immunogenic refinements (pneumococcal and meningococcal conjugate vaccines, virus-like particle vaccines such as the human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccine) and recently the prospect of 'universal vaccines', based on highly conserved peptide or saccharide sequences, against a defined species or group of pathogens [1]. We believe that advanced vaccine development and implementation is not achievable without recognizing the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of immune responses to vaccines, as informed by population genetic studies, and have extensively published on the role of immune response gene families on humoral, cellular and even innate responses to vaccines [2-4].