From 1960 onwards, passenger ships plying between Europe and the US lost more and more customers to the airlines, which took aircraft of ever increasing size and speed into service. International mail services also migrated from sea to air transport and air freight business provided an additional source of income for passenger machines. Today about 25 million tonnes of express goods are transported by air, approx. 2.5-3 million t of which are refrigerated cargo. The amount transported by sea amountsto about 70 million t of refrigerated goods, half of which are shipped in refrigerated containers and reefer ships. The quantity of refrigerated cargo transported between different continents is increasing by around 6 % per year, but there is an interesting situation of competition in the case of high-value refrigerated goods in particular.
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