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Black Hole Unitarity and Antipodal Entanglement

机译:黑洞统一性和对立纠缠

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摘要

Hawking particles emitted by a black hole are usually found to have thermal spectra, if not exactly, then by a very good approximation. Here, we argue differently. It was discovered that spherical partial waves of in-going and out-going matter can be described by unitary evolution operators independently, which allows for studies of space-time properties that were not possible before. Unitarity dictates space-time, as seen by a distant observer, to be topologically non-trivial. Consequently, Hawking particles are only locally thermal, but globally not: we explain why Hawking particles emerging from one hemisphere of a black hole must be 100 % entangled with the Hawking particles emerging from the other hemisphere. This produces exclusively pure quantum states evolving in a unitary manner, and removes the interior region for the outside observer, while it still completely agrees locally with the laws of general relativity. Unitarity is a starting point; no other assumptions are made. Region I and the diametrically opposite region II of the Penrose diagram represent antipodal points in a PT or CPT relation, as was suggested before. On the horizon itself, antipodal points are identified. A candidate instanton is proposed to describe the formation and evaporation of virtual black holes of the type described here.
机译:通常发现黑洞发射的霍金粒子具有热谱,如果不是精确的话,则具有非常好的近似值。在这里,我们有不同的看法。已经发现,进出物质的球面分波可以由evolution演化算子独立描述,这使得研究以前不可能的时空特性成为可能。从远处的观察者看到,统一性决定了时空在拓扑上是微不足道的。因此,霍金粒子只是局部热的,而不是全局的:我们解释了为什么从黑洞一个半球出现的霍金粒子必须与另一半球出现的霍金粒子100%纠缠在一起。这将产生纯净的量子态,并以统一的方式演化,并为外部观察者去除内部区域,尽管它在局部仍完全符合广义相对论。团结是起点。没有其他假设。如先前所建议的,彭罗斯图的区域I和沿直径相对的区域II代表PT或CPT关系中的对映点。在视线本身上,可以确定对映点。建议使用候选实例来描述此处描述的虚拟黑洞的形成和蒸发。

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