Organophosphorus pesticide residues in Greek virgin olive oil: levels, dietary intake and risk assessment.

摘要

The occurrence of organophosphorus pesticide (OP) and their metabolite residues was investigated in 167 samples of Greek virgin olive oil during a 2-yr (2004-2005) sampling campaign. Results showed that 30.5% of samples contained detectable residues, although only 1 sample contained dimethoate residues above the max. residue limit. Among the 7 detected OP, fenthion and fenthion sulfoxide residues were detected in 10.8 and 14.4% of the samples, respectively, at levels of 0.003-0.61 mg/kg. Dimethoate was detected in 10.2% of the samples at 0.003-0.057 mg/kg. The acute dietary risk assessment was undertaken by determining the national estimated short-term intake (NESTI); for chronic dietary risk assessment, the national theoretical max. daily intake and national estimated daily intake (NEDI) were calculated. The estimated intakes (NESTI and NEDI) of each pesticide were <7 and <0.86% of the corresponding acute reference doses (ARfD) and acceptable daily intakes (ADI), respectively. A cumulative risk assessment was performed using the hazard index (HI) and toxicity equivalence factor (TEF), taking into account that OP share the same toxicological mechanism. The determined HI and TEF values were found to represent only a small portion of the respective ADI or ARfD. Results indicate that there is neither acute nor chronic risk for the Greek population through olive oil consumption.