Diese Arbeit wurde an der Fakultat fur Mathematik und Geoinformation der TechnischenUniversitdt Wien zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der technischenWissenschaften eingereicht.

摘要

In the last two decades rapid changes have occurred in modern space geodesy by the im-plementation of new observation techniques and the significant improvement of the existingmethods. This creates the objective of integrating the results derived by the different geodetictechniques and methods in order to achieve a better understanding of the processes in theSystem Earth as a whole. Following this global objective in geodetic science, the thesis aimsat the development of an integrated two-dimensional model of the upper part of the Earth'satmosphere, the ionosphere, by using and combining different space geodetic data, in partic-ular observations derived by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and by satellitealtimetry missions operating at two distinct frequencies, such as Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1.Both geodetic techniques allow the observation and modelling of the ionosphere, but each ofthem has its specific characteristics which influence the derived ionosphere parameters. Theclassical input data for development of Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) of the Total ElectronContent (TEC) is obtained from dual-frequency GNSS observations. Such maps in generalachieve good quality of the ionosphere representation. However, the GNSS stations are inho-mogeneously distributed, with large gaps particularly over the sea surface, which lowers theprecision of the GIM over these areas. On the other hand, the dual-frequency satellite altime-try missions provide information about the parameter of the ionosphere precisely above thesea surface, where the altimetry observations are performed. Due to the limited spread of themeasurements and some open issues related to systematic errors, the ionospheric data fromsatellite altimetry is used only for cross-validation of the GNSS GIM. However, some specificsof the ionosphere parameters derived by satellite altimetry can partly balance the inhomo-geneity of the GNSS data. Such important features are complementing the global coverage,different biasing and the absence of additional mapping, as it is the case with GNSS. Thecombination of ionosphere parameter on normal equation basis presented within the thesisallows making best use of the advantages of every particular method, providing a more ho-mogeneous global coverage and higher accuracy and reliability than the results of each singletechnique.