Fetal programming of metabolism: new insights referring to factors influencing the metabolic syndrome.

摘要

Several studies during the past 20 years dealt with factors, and the extent to which they determine the metabolism of the child before birth. The present article presents known and assumed influencing metabolic factors for metabolic syndrome. Obesity in later life is promoted by both overnutrition of the unborn child associated with a high birth weight (caused, for example, by a non-treated gestational diabetes), and undernutrition (low birth weight and fast growth making up for the loss). The prenatal development of a predisposition to hypertension, diabetes type 2 and dislipoproteinemia has mainly been associated with intrauterine undernutrition. The results of these studies have shown that pregnant women should, besides general factors of a healthy diet, be instructed about the significance of an adequate, but not excessive energy intake and weight gain during pregnancy.