Hypospadias classification and repair: the riddle of the sphinx.

摘要

Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of the penis, affecting 0.4-8.2 of 1000 live male babies [ 1 ]. The term hypospadias stems from two Greek words: hypo, which means "below," and spadon, which means "hole." The anomaly is characterized by a urethral meatus ectopically located proximal to the normal place on the ventral side of the penis. Different anatomic presentations can be observed. The position of the urethral meatus can be classified as anterior or distal (glandular, coronal, or subcoronal; 60-65% of cases), middle (midpenile; 20-30% of cases), or posterior or proximal (posterior penile, penoscrotal, scrotal, or perineal; 10-15% of cases) [2]. The subcoronal position is the most common. Proximal cases are considered severe and can be associated with chordee [2]. The term chordee derives from the Greek word chorda, which means "string" or "rope" and indicates the ventral curvature of the penis.