首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Pharmacology: An International Journal >A robust animal model of state anxiety: fear-potentiated behaviour in the elevated plus-maze.
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A robust animal model of state anxiety: fear-potentiated behaviour in the elevated plus-maze.

机译:一个强大的状态焦虑动物模型:高架迷宫中恐惧增强的行为。

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Fear (i.e., decreased percentage time spent on open-arm exploration) in the elevated plus-maze can be potentiated by prior inescapable stressor exposure, but not by escapable stress. The use of fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour has several advantages as compared to more traditional animal models of anxiety. (a) In contrast to the traditional (spontaneous) elevated plus-maze, which measures innate fear of open spaces, fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour reflects an enhanced anxiety state (allostatic state). This "state anxiety" can be defined as an unpleasant emotional arousal in face of threatening demands or dangers. A cognitive appraisal of threat is a prerequisite for the experience of this type of emotion. (b) Depending on the stressor used (e.g., fear of shock, predator odour, swim stress, restraint, social defeat, predator stress (cat)), this enhanced anxiety state can last from 90 min to 3 weeks. Stress effects are more severe when rats are isolated in comparison to group housing. (c) Drugs can be administered in the absence of the original stressor and after stressor exposure. As a consequence, retrieval mechanisms are not affected by drug treatment. (d) Fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour is sensitive to proven/putative anxiolytics and anxiogenics which act via mechanisms related to the benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, but it is also sensitive to corticotropin-releasing receptor antagonists and glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and serotonin receptor agonists/antagonists complex (high predictive validity). (e) Fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour is very robust, and experiments can easily be replicated in other labs. (f) Fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour can be measured both in males and females. (g) Neural mechanisms involved in contextual fear conditioning, fear potentiation and state anxiety can be studied.Thus, fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour may be a valuable measure in the understanding of neural mechanisms involved in the development of anxiety disorders and in the search for novel anxiolytics. Finally, the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor and corticosteroid-corticotropin-releasing factor interactions in the production of fear-potentiated plus-maze behaviour are discussed.
机译:可以通过事先不可避免的压力暴露来增强高架迷宫中的恐惧感(即,减少张开双臂的时间所花费的时间百分比),而不能通过逃逸的压力来增强恐惧感。与更传统的焦虑动物模型相比,使用恐惧增强迷宫行为具有多个优势。 (a)与衡量先天对开放空间的恐惧的传统(自发)高架迷宫相反,恐惧增强的迷宫行为反映了增强的焦虑状态(定情状态)。这种“状态焦虑”可以定义为面对威胁性需求或危险时不愉快的情绪唤醒。对威胁的认知评估是体验这种情感的前提。 (b)根据所使用的压力源(例如,害怕休克,捕食者的气味,游泳压力,克制,社交失败,捕食者压力(猫)),这种增强的焦虑状态可以持续90分钟至3周。与团体住房相比,当大鼠被隔离时,压力影响更为严重。 (c)可以在没有原始应激源的情况下以及在应激源暴露后给药。结果,检索机制不受药物治疗的影响。 (d)恐惧增强的迷宫行为对通过与苯二氮杂--γ-氨基丁酸受体相关的机制起作用的行之有效的抗焦虑药和抗焦虑药敏感,但对促肾上腺皮质激素释放受体拮抗剂和糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂以及血清素受体激动剂/拮抗剂复合物(高预测有效性)。 (e)恐惧增强的迷宫行为非常有力,并且可以在其他实验室轻松复制实验。 (f)雄性和雌性均可测量恐惧增强的迷宫行为。 (g)可以研究与情境恐惧调节,恐惧增强和状态焦虑有关的神经机制,因此,恐惧增强的迷宫行为可能是了解与焦虑症发展有关的神经机制的重要手段。寻找新型抗焦虑药。最后,讨论了促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子和皮质类固醇-促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子相互作用在恐惧增强的迷宫行为产生中的作用。

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