2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management-The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA)

摘要

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence, at the time of the writing process, on a particular issue with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk-benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines and recommendations should help health professionals to make decisions in their daily practice; however, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s), in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate.