By a series of 97° diamonds, a totally stable roll pass series is obtained with reduction capacity equal to common oval-round or oval-square series, but with the opportunity to make a preparatory square section for finish rolling in every pass instead of every second. Dramatically improved flexibility is obtained, and single family bar rolling is a reality. The opportunity to apply the single family rolling is, however, not a result of the diamond intermediate series only, but also of the optimized design of the leader ovals. In connection with modern rolling equipment and philosophies and optimized design of guide rollers in the finishing stand, most dimensional changes in the mill are reduced to simple groove changes, and the downtime for dimensional changes can be reduced dramatically. Diamond series require low forces and low rolling power. This is advantageous for energy savings, and to obtain good tolerances. The main disadvantage compared to oval-round series is the need to twist the preparatory square section.
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