Congenital fusion of the maxilla and mandible or syngnathia is an infrequently described entity. The fusion can be classified depending on the nature of the connecting tissue as either fibrous or bony fusion. Laster et al. [2001] proposed a classification for bony syngnathia into: Type la (simple anterior syngnathia) characterized by bony fusion of the alveolar ridge only, without other congenital deformity in the head and neck; Type 1b (complex anterior syngnathia) also characterized by bony fusion of the alveolar ridges but also associated with other congenital malformations in the head and neck region; Type 2a (simple zygomatic-mandibular syngnathia) characterized by bony fusion of the mandible to zygoma; and Type 2b (complex zygomatic-mandibular syngnathia) characterized by bony fusion of the mandible to the zygoma and associated with cleft palate and/or temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
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