Looking back to the seminal papers by Richard R. Nelson, "The simple economics of basic scientific research," and Kenneth Arrow, "Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention," this article claims that in the last fifty years, there has been a paradigm change in our understanding of the economics of research and invention. The article argues that there are innovations within the process of innovation itself, and in particular in the instruments of promoting invention and innovation-the exclusive intellectual property rights granted to single economic actors for individual innovations-with, as a result, the emergence of various forms of collaborative innovation in different domains. The article concludes that the implications for the contribution of invention and innovation for global growth and development are significant.
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机译：回顾一下理查德·R·纳尔逊（Richard R. Nelson）的开创性论文，“基础科学研究的简单经济学”和肯尼思·艾罗（Kenneth Arrow），“经济福利和发明资源的分配”，该文章声称，在过去的50年中，改变了我们对研究和发明经济学的理解。该文章认为，在创新本身的过程中，尤其是在促进发明和创新的手段中，存在着创新-授予单个经济行为者个人创新的专有知识产权-结果，各种创新出现了。不同领域的协作创新形式。本文的结论是，发明和创新对全球增长和发展的贡献意义重大。
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