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Semivolatile organochlorine compounds in the free troposphere of the northeastern Atlantic

机译:东北大西洋自由对流层中的半挥发性有机氯化合物

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Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes, and DDTs were analyzed over 1 entire year period in the air of a high altitude remote site (2367 m above sea level) located in Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands, 28°N16°W) in the Eastern North Atlantic region. Twenty samples were collected providing information on the concentrations of these semivolatile organochlorine compounds (SOCs) in the free troposphere since the stable and persistent temperature inversion in the subtropics defines a clear separation from the marine boundary layer. More than 80 of total SOCs were in the gas phase. HCB was the individual SOC in higher concentration, 51 pg m{sup}(-3), well above than the other SOCs identified, 1-11 pg m{sup}(-3). Sum PCB concentrations were 78 pg m{sup}(-3). These concentrations range among the lowest described in atmospheric samples. The collected air originated from four main sectors, high and middle latitudes in the north Atlantic, Europe, and Africa, as determined from isentropic backward air mass trajectories. No significant differences were observed for the concentrations of these compounds between air masses showing a high uniform SOC composition of the free troposphere. Only the more volatile PCB congeners, #18 and #28, exhibited significant differences between air masses from northern and southern latitudes. A seasonal temperature dependence for the less volatile PCB congeners, five or more chlorine subtituents, was also observed. Free tropospheric concentrations of all SOCs except HCB were lower than those measured near sea level for reference. PCB concentrations at the two altitudes exhibited consistent differences according to degree of chlorination. The stronger decrease of the more volatile compounds with altitude might reflect higher photodegradation.
机译:在位于北大西洋东部地区泰德(加那利群岛特内里费岛,西经28°16°)的高海拔偏远地点(海拔2367米)的空气中分析了多氯联苯(PCB)、六氯苯(HCB)、六氯环己烷和滴滴涕。收集了20个样品,提供了关于这些半挥发性有机氯化合物(SOCs)在自由对流层中浓度的信息,因为亚热带地区稳定和持续的温度反转定义了与海洋边界层的明确分离。超过 80% 的 SOC 处于气相状态。六氯代苯是浓度较高的单个SOC,为51 pg m{sup}(-3),远高于其他已鉴定的SOC,为1-11 pg m{sup}(-3)。多氯联苯总浓度为78 pg m{sup}(-3)。这些浓度在大气样品中处于最低水平。收集到的空气来自北大西洋、欧洲和非洲的中高纬度四个主要地区,由等熵后向气团轨迹确定。这些化合物的浓度在自由对流层的SOC组成高度均匀的气团之间没有观察到显著差异。只有挥发性更强的多氯联苯同系物#18和#28在南北纬度的气团之间表现出显著差异。还观察到挥发性较低的多氯联苯同系物(五种或更多氯取代物)的季节性温度依赖性。除六氯代苯外,所有有机生物碱的游离对流层浓度均低于在海平面附近测得的浓度,以供参考。两个高度的多氯联苯浓度根据氯化程度表现出一致的差异。挥发性越强的化合物随着海拔高度的增加而减少,可能反映出更高的光降解。

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