Colostrum is the first biological fluid from the mammary gland of mammals following parturition. It is a mixture of lacteal secretions and constituents of serum immunoglobulins (Ig) and other essential proteins that accumulate in the mammary gland during the pre-partum dry period and is collected during the first 24-36 hours after parturition. Colostrum is a complex fluid which | contains immunoglobulin/antibodies, antimicrobial agents (interferon, iron-binding proteins, polymorphonuclear leukocytes,macrophages, and lymphocytes), nutrient as well as non-nutrient constituents. The nutrient components are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins andminerals, whereas non-nutrient components are insulin like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-IIO), epidermal growth factors transforming growth factor (TGF-(3, TGF-p2), and nerve growth factor as well as insulin, Cortisol, and thyroxine (Xu, 1996). It also contains some anti-inflammatory and ?-lactoglobulins substances which are of great therapeutic potential (An et al, 2009; Rohit et al, 2012). Colostrum is a good source ofenergy for the neonatal calf. The fat and the lactose in the colostrum provide energy to begin thermo-genesis (heat production) and maintain body temperature (David and Drackley, 1998).
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机译：初乳是分娩后来自哺乳动物乳腺的第一种生物液体。它是乳汁分泌物和血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）以及其他必需蛋白的成分的混合物，这些蛋白在产前干燥期间积聚在乳腺中，并在分娩后的前24-36小时内收集。初乳是一种复杂的液体，其中|包含免疫球蛋白/抗体，抗微生物剂（干扰素，铁结合蛋白，多形核白细胞，巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞），营养素以及非营养素成分。营养成分是蛋白质，碳水化合物，脂肪，维生素和矿物质，而非营养成分是胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1，IGF-IIO），转化生长因子的表皮生长因子（TGF-（3，TGF-p2），以及神经生长因子以及胰岛素，皮质醇和甲状腺素（Xu，1996），还含有一些抗炎和β-乳球蛋白物质，具有巨大的治疗潜力（An等，2009; Rohit等，2012）初乳是新生小牛的良好能量来源，初乳中的脂肪和乳糖为开始产热（产生热量）和维持体温提供了能量（David and Drackley，1998）。
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