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Geometric Isomerisation of Bifunctional Alkenyl Fluoride Linchpins: Stereodivergence in Amide and Polyene Bioisostere Synthesis

机译:双官能烷基氟化物的几何异构化:酰胺和多烯生物等固醇合成中的立体差异

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Abstract Amide groups are pervasive across the chemical space continuum, where their structural and pharmacological importance, juxtaposed with the hydrolytic vulnerabilities, continues to fuel bioisostere development. Alkenyl fluorides have a venerable history as effective mimics (ΨCF=CH) owing to the planarity of the motif and intrinsic polarity of the C(sp2)−F bond. However, emulating the s‐cis to the s‐trans isomerisation of a peptide bond with fluoro‐alkene surrogates remains challenging, and current synthetic solutions only enable access to a single configuration. Through the design of an ambiphilic linchpin based on a fluorinated β‐borylacrylate, it has been possible to leverage energy transfer catalysis to affect this unprecedented isomerisation process: this provides geometrically‐programmable building blocks that can be functionalised at either terminus. Irradiation at λmax=402 nm with inexpensive thioxanthone as a photocatalyst enables rapid, effective isomerisation of tri‐ and tetra‐substituted species (up to E/Z 98 : 2 in 1 h), providing a stereodivergent platform for small molecule amide and polyene isostere discovery. Application of the methodology in target synthesis and initial laser spectroscopic studies are disclosed together with crystallographic analyses of representative products.
机译:摘要 酰胺基团在化学空间连续体中无处不在,其结构和药理学重要性与水解脆弱性并列,继续推动生物等构的发展。由于基序的平面性和 C(sp2)−F 键的本征极性,烯基氟作为有效模拟物 (Ψ[CF=CH]) 具有悠久的历史。然而,将 s-顺式模拟为具有氟烯烃替代物的肽键的 s-反式异构化仍然具有挑战性,并且当前的合成解决方案只能获得单一构型。通过设计基于氟化β硼基丙烯酸酯的亲二性关键针,可以利用能量转移催化来影响这种前所未有的异构化过程:这提供了几何上可编程的构建模块,可以在任一末端进行功能化。使用廉价的硫杂蒽酮作为光催化剂,在λmax=402 nm处辐照,可以快速有效地异构化三取代和四取代物质(高达E/Z 98:2在1小时内),为小分子酰胺和多烯同构体的发现提供了一个立体发散平台。公开了该方法在靶标合成和初始激光光谱研究中的应用,以及代表性产物的晶体学分析。

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