Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate and classified by stage and cause (Levey James, 2017; Karathanasis Karaolia,2019). AKI is prevalent among hospital patients and even more so in critically ill patients (Bellomo et al., 2012). According to current Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, AKI is diagnosed based on two functional markers, increased serum creatinine and decreased urine output, which are not renal-specific and have some limitations. Causes of AKI include direct kidney damage, consequences of treating severe hypoxic respiratory failure, secondary infection, and exposure to nephrotoxic drugs (Hilton et al., 2022). In severe AKI patients with oliguria and fluid accumulation, renal replacement therapy is the only supportive measure, with mode and timing still under investigation (Romagnoli et al., 2018). Stem cell therapy for AKI is a topic of interest in both basic and translational medical research. This text aims to provide a discussion on the subject.
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