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Marine Cold-Air Outbreak Snowfall in the North Atlantic: A CloudSat Perspective

机译:北大西洋海洋冷空气暴发降雪:CloudSat视角

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摘要

This study analyzes the influence of marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAO) on snowfall and cloud properties in the North Atlantic Ocean using CloudSat observations. Comparing reanalysis-determined MCAO conditions (low-level instability) against "non-CAO" conditions, we find that MCAO conditions are associated with predominantly light snowfall rates (<2 mm day(-1) liquid water equivalent) whereas non-CAO conditions are more frequently associated with higher snowfall rates. Near cold-air sources, such as sea ice or cold continents, MCAO-forced snowfall rates tend to be more frequent and more intense. Additionally, 76 of snowing clouds identified during MCAO conditions are shallow (mean cloud top height <3 km) stratocumulus, whereas 44 (43) of clouds in non-CAO conditions are deeper nimbostratus (stratocumulus). With greater boundary layer instability (stronger MCAO conditions), CloudSat observes higher cloud-top heights, reflecting a deepening boundary layer and the presence of two distinct cloud modes during MCAO conditions.
机译:本研究利用CloudSat观测分析了海洋冷空气暴发(MCAO)对北大西洋降雪和云层特性的影响。将重新分析确定的MCAO条件(低水平不稳定性)与“非CAO”条件进行比较,我们发现MCAO条件主要与小降雪率(<2毫米日(-1)液态水当量))相关,而非CAO条件更常与较高的降雪率相关。在冷空气源附近,如海冰或寒冷大陆,MCAO强迫的降雪率往往更频繁、更强烈。此外,在MCAO条件下发现的雪云中有76%是浅层积云(平均云顶高度<3公里),而在非CAO条件下,44%(43%)的云是更深的雨层云(层积云)。随着边界层不稳定性的扩大(更强的MCAO条件),CloudSat观测到更高的云顶高度,反映出边界层的加深和MCAO条件下两种不同云模式的存在。

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