Low back injuries represent 10 to 15% of all athletic injuries. With over 30 million participants in organized and recreational sports in the United States, a thorough understanding of normal core function, as well as core dysfunction and its remediation, will advance a clinician's ability to promote optimal performance. The lumbo-pelvic-hip complex comprises the core. Think of this complex as a three-dimensional box that is formed by muscles and connective tissues (i.e., deep investing fascia, tendons, and ligaments) that attach to the underlying skeletal framework. The diaphragm forms the ceiling of the box, and the pelvic floor muscles and proximal attachments of the hip/thigh musculature form the base. The anterior and lateral sides of the box are formed by the abdominal musculature, and the posterior side is formed by the paraspinal muscles.
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