A. Many of us get data sets with the assumption that the process was in control, i.e., the data are random about a target; or suspicion that the process was out of control, i.e., the data show some indication of nonrandomness. An obvious solution is to simply plot the data on a control chart and determine whether or not the process was indeed in control. Of course, you must first know how to construct the chart and its control limits. E2587, Standard Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control, or ASTM's Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, 8th Ed., will provide you with the information you need to solve the problem graphically.
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