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Vibration and shock exposure of maintenance-of-way vehicles in the railroad industry

机译:铁路行业的养护车辆的振动和冲击暴露

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The aim of this study is to investigate and compare vibration and shock measurements of maintenance-of-way vehicles used in the railroad industry for track maintenance and construction. Following international standards (i.e., ISO 2631-1: 1997) and professional guidelines the frequency weighted root-mean-square (r.m.s.) acceleration for each measurement axis, the vector sum, the seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT), the crest factor (CF), the maximum transient vibration value (MTVV), the vibration dose value (VDV), the ratio and the newly proposed shock risk estimation factor 'R' for spinal injury according to ISO 2631-5:2004 were measured and calculated for seven different maintenance-of-way vehicles during revenue service. Furthermore, a proposed alternative spinal injury prediction method, the VibRisk model, which incorporates different typical driver postures and operator physical characteristics was included for comparison with the ISO 2631-5 risk prediction. The results of the vibration exposure measurements depended on vehicle type, track/surface conditions and seat properties, with the tamper and bulldozer showing the highest r.m.s. vibration values. The vector sum (a_v) results ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 (m/s~2). Five of seven track maintenance vehicles would exceed the current Whole-body Vibration ACGIH-TLV guideline for an 8 h exposure duration in the vertical axis recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The measured CF, MTW/a_w and VDV/(a_w·T~(1/4)) ratios were at or above the critical ratios in the majority of measurements given by the ISO 2631-1 (1997) and American industry guidelines by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH-TLV). Comparing both prediction models for vibration shock risk for parts of the lumbar spine, different risk predictions and inconsistencies were found. The VibRisk model generally suggests different and higher risk of vertebral endplate failure for individual lumbar levels, whereas the ISO 2631-5 model indicated generally lower risks and did not differentiate between different disk levels and driver posture. Epidemiological studies validating the different shock risk models are lacking. Work modifications and adequate suspension seats would be beneficial for prevention of harmful exposure to vibration and shocks.
机译:这项研究的目的是调查和比较铁路行业用于轨道维护和建设的养护车辆的振动和冲击测量。遵循国际标准(即ISO 2631-1:1997)和专业准则,每个测量轴的频率加权均方根(rms)加速度,矢量和,座椅有效振幅透射率(SEAT),波峰因数( CF),最大瞬态振动值(MTVV),振动剂量值(VDV),比率以及根据ISO 2631-5:2004提出的针对脊髓损伤的新提议的冲击风险估算因子``R'',并针对七个收入服务期间使用不同的养护车辆。此外,为了与ISO 2631-5风险预测进行比较,还提出了一种建议的替代性脊柱损伤预测方法,即VibRisk模型,该模型结合了不同的典型驾驶员姿势和驾驶员身体特征。振动暴露的测量结果取决于车辆类型,履带/表面状况和座椅特性,防拆和推土机的最高均方根值。振动值。向量和(a_v)的结果范围为0.37至0.99(m / s〜2)。七辆履带维修车中有五辆在美国政府工业卫生专家会议(ACGIH)推荐的垂直轴上暴露8小时,其暴露时间超过了ACGIH-TLV全身振动准则。 CF,MTW / a_w和VDV /(a_w·T〜(1/4))的比值达到或超过了ISO 2631-1(1997)和美国行业指南给出的大多数测量中的临界比。美国政府工业卫生学家会议(ACGIH-TLV)。比较腰椎部分振动冲击风险的两种预测模型,发现不同的风险预测和不一致之处。 VibRisk模型通常针对各个腰椎水平提示椎骨终板衰竭的风险较高,而ISO 2631-5模型通常表明较低的风险,并且无法区分不同的椎间盘水平和驾驶员姿势。缺乏验证不同电击危险模型的流行病学研究。修改工作和适当的悬置座椅将有助于防止有害的振动和冲击。

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