Micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction with highly ordered TiO _2 nanotube arrays: A new approach for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides at trace level in environmental water samples

摘要

Ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays have been widely used in many fields such as photocatalysis, self-cleaning, solar cells, gas sensing, and catalysis. This present study exploited a new functional application of the ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays. A micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction using ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays was developed for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides prior to gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays exhibited excellent merits on the pre-concentration of organochlorine pesticides and lower detection limits of 0.10, 0.10, 0.10, 0.098, 0.0076, 0.0097, 0.016, and 0.023 μg L-1 for α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT, respectively, were achieved. Four real water samples were used for validation, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 78-102.8%. These results demonstrated that the developed micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction using ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays would be very constructive and have a great beginning with a brand new prospect in the analysis of environmental pollutants.