Self-powered wire type UV sensor using in-situ radial growth of BaTiO 3 and TiO 2 nanostructures on human hair sized single Ti-wire

摘要

Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights?BaTiO3nanostructures were grown radially on human hair-sized flexible wires.?FW-PNG generates high VOC?≈?7?V, ISC?≈?600?nA, power density ≈22.5?μW/cm2at 2?N.?Wire type TiO2nanostructures-UV sensor reported with higher photo-responsivity.?Realized battery free wire-UV sensor using parallel connection of PNG, UV sensor.?Adaptable FW-PNG is a potential candidate to harness the waste mechanical energy.AbstractA flexible, non-planar, human hair sized [Diameter (?) ≈100?μm, Length (L) ≤6?cm] Ti-wire/BaTiO3(BTO) core-shell nanostructures (NSs) was developed using chemical oxidation-modification (COM) method followed by a low-temperature hydrothermal technique. COM method of flexible/non-flexible Ti-wires (??≈?800?μm, 100?μm) outer surface generates uniform distribution/continuous radial growth of TiO2nanoneedles/nanoparticles having anatase crystalline phase. Photo-responsive performance investigated by fabricating the TiO2NSs/Ti wire (TW) based UV sensors as a function of fixed bias voltages (±1?V and ±7?V) under various light sources having wavelengths (λ) 365?nm, 405?nm and 535?nm. TW-UV sensor (??≈?800?μm) has higher photo-responsivity ≈35.024?μA/W than the TW-UV sensor (??≈?100?μm) under the light intensity ≈18?mW/cm2(λ?≈?365?nm) at bias voltage ≈?1?V, respectively. Further, the XPS spectra of the tetragonal crystalline phase of radially grown BTO NSs confirms the presence of Ba 2+?and Ti +4 oxidation states directly connected to the internal stresses of TiO6octahedron in BTO lattice. Next, flexible wire based piezoelectric nanogenerator (FW-PNG) was fabricated to harness the mechanical energy, biomechanical motions into useful electrical energy. Realized self-powered UV sensor by the parallel connection between FW-PNG and TW-UV sensor as a function of constant mechanical load (2?N) under various light intensities (18, 40 and 60?mW/cm2) of source wavelength 365?nm, respectively. This study can pave the way for developing micro/nanodevices on non-planar mechanical structures; human hair sized energy harvesters and