Proteinuria and other urinary biomarkers in kidney transplantation: why are we still waiting for Godot?

摘要

Most credit Richard Bright with coining the term "proteinuria" in 1827, whereas Fernand Martin Solon may have been the first to use "albuminuria" in 1838. However, interest in proteinuria as a bio-marker goes back much further than this, with Hippocrates noting in 400 bce that "When bubbles settle on the surface of the urine, they indicate disease of the kidneys, and that the complaint will be protracted." Interest in proteinuria as a marker for kidney transplant dysfunction is almost as old as kidney transplantation itself.