Fast Analytical Chromatography and the Role of the Design of New Stationary Phases

摘要

The role of the development of new stationary phases in the last twenty years on the progress made in fast liquid chromatography is discussed based on their speed-resolution properties.The kinetic performances of 4.6 mm I.D. silica monolithic columns (approx 300 bar), 2.1 mm I.D. columns packed with sub-2 mum fully porous particles used in very high pressure liquid chromatography (vHPLC at approx 1000 bar), and 4.6 mm I.D. columns packed with sub-3 mum superficially porous particles in conventional HPLC (approx 400 bar) are compared. Their limitation for application in fast chromatography is also shown. The construction of the kinetic Poppe plots demonstrates the advantage of using sub-3 mum core-shell particles in fast liquid chromatography after simple modifications of conventionnal HPLC instruments. Eventually, the ultimate peak capacity expected under fast gradient elution (15 s) of small molecules (100-300 g/mol) is around 45 for relatively smooth gradient steepness (0.015 s~(-1)) using elevated temperature (eluent's viscosity 0.35 cP), 1.7 mum core-shell particles, improved vHPLC instruments, and short narrow-bore columns (2.1 mm x 50 mm).