Interpretation of HbA 1c 1c in primary care and potential influence of anaemia and chronic kidney disease: an analysis from the Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) Database

摘要

Abstract Aims To investigate, in a large population in primary care, the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and HbA 1c measurements, as well as the clinical implications of anaemia or chronic kidney disease for the interpretation of HbA 1c values. Methods From a primary care resource, we examined HbA 1c and fasting plasma glucose as well as haemoglobin and estimated GFR . We stratified observations by chronic kidney disease stage and anaemia level. The estimation of the mean fasting plasma glucose level from HbA 1c alone, and from HbA 1c , haemoglobin and estimated GFR , respectively, was evaluated. Results In 198 346 individuals, the fasting plasma glucose–HbA 1c relationship mimicked the regression described in the A1c‐Derived Average Glucose ( ADAG ) study, which was based on average capillary and interstitial glucose. The fasting plasma glucose–HbA 1c relationship was unaffected in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease and in mild to moderate anaemia. The correlation changed only in severe hyperglycaemia and concurrent severe anaemia or when estimated GFR was 45 ml/min/1.73m2, so that glucose concentration was underestimated by HbA 1c in anaemia and overestimated in chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of estimated GFR 30 ml/min/1.73m2 was 0.82%, while the prevalence of haemoglobin 81 g/l (5.0 mmol/l) was 0.11%. Conclusions The relationship between fasting plasma glucose and HbA 1c mimics that of the people with diabetes included in the ADAG study. Mild to moderate anaemia and CKD do not have a significant impact on the interpretation of HbA 1c as a marker of retrograde glycaemia. Hence, it seems justified to use HbA 1c without adjustment in primary care.