Iatrogenic hypernatremia in hemodialysis patients: A result of erroneous online conductivity monitor and conductivity meter reading

Obialo Chamberlain I.; John Smitha; Bashir Khalid

摘要

Abstract >Hyponatremia is common in chronic kidney disease and in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) but hypernatremia is infrequent in ESKD. The incidence of hypernatremia is higher in ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) than in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In PD patients it is often a result of excessive ultrafiltration but in HD it is often a result of dialysate composition errors. Dialysate composition errors can inadvertently cause either hyponatremia or hypernatremia. We present two cases of symptomatic hypernatremia which manifested as increased thirst, excessive weight gain and worsening hypertension in HD patients. The hypernatremia was caused by a combination of errors in online conductivity reading and a faulty hand held conductivity meter. Symptoms were relieved in both patients after replacement of the dialysis machine. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <title type =“main”>摘录</ title> >低钠血症在慢性肾病中常见结束阶段肾病（ESKD）但高尼血症在ESKD中不常。高鼻血症的发病率高于血液透析（HD）患者中的动态腹膜透析（PD）。在PD患者中，通常过度超滤的结果，但在高清中，通常是透析液组成误差的结果。透析液组成误差可能无意中引起低钠血症或高鼻血症。我们呈现出两种症状性高脂血症的病例，表现为高潮，体重增加和HD患者的高血压过度增加。高鼻血症是由在线电导率读数的误差和故障手持仪表引起的。在更换透析机后，两种患者都缓解了症状。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-32486/'>《Hemodialysis international》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第4期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共3页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Obialo Chamberlain I.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Obialo Chamberlain I.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=John Smitha&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">John Smitha;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bashir Khalid&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Bashir Khalid;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Renal DivisionMorehouse School of MedicineAtlanta Georgia USA;</p> <p>Department of MedicineMorehouse School of MedicineAtlanta Georgia USA;</p> <p>Renal DivisionMorehouse School of MedicineAtlanta Georgia USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1500.html" title="泌尿科学（泌尿生殖系疾病）">泌尿科学（泌尿生殖系疾病）;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Hypernatremia&option=203" rel="nofollow">Hypernatremia;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=online conductivity&option=203" rel="nofollow">online conductivity;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=conductivity meter&option=203" rel="nofollow">conductivity meter;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hemodialysis&option=203" rel="nofollow">hemodialysis;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：hypernatremia;在线电导率;电导率计;血液透析; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704025110837.html">Iatrogenic hypernatremia in hemodialysis patients: A result of erroneous online conductivity monitor and conductivity meter reading</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Obialo Chamberlain I.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Obialo Chamberlain I.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=John Smitha&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">John Smitha,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Bashir Khalid&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Bashir Khalid </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-32486/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Hemodialysis international .</a> <span>2017</span><span>,第4期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：血液透析性患者的原始高血脂血症：错误的在线电导率监测监测和电导率抄表的结果</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-foreign_ground-water-monitoring-and-remediation_thesis/0204112200329.html">Equipment News: Temperature, Level, Conductivity Meter Provides Stable, Accurate Readings</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-810/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation .</a> <span>2007</span><span>,第4期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：设备新闻：温度，水平，电导率仪可提供稳定，准确的读数</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704013393870.html">Hemodialysis in a Healthy Patient-A Case of an Erroneous Laboratory Result A Teachable Moment</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Himmel Megan E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Himmel Megan E.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lam Kenneth&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Lam Kenneth,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Fralick Michael&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Fralick Michael </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-33247/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">JAMA internal medicine .</a> <span>2016</span><span>,第4期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：健康患者的血液透析-实验室结果错误的情况-可教的时刻</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-foreign_meeting-226325_thesis/020515582293.html">A wearable conductivity sensor for sweat and blood leakage monitoring during hemodialysis</a> <b>[C]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Yi-Chun Du&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Yi-Chun Du,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wei-Ting Chen&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Wei-Ting Chen,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Cheng-Hsin Chuang&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Cheng-Hsin Chuang,</a> <a href="/conference-foreign-226325/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">IEEE Sensors .</a> <span>2016</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：可穿戴式电导率传感器，用于在血液透析期间监测汗液和血液泄漏</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-foreign_mphd_thesis/02061399093.html">Hemodialysis prescription: Dose adequacy by continuous monitoring of fresh and spent dialysate conductivity.</a> <b>[D] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Goodwin, Carl David.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Goodwin, Carl David. </a> <span>2001</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：血液透析处方：通过连续监测新鲜和用过的透析液电导率来确定剂量是否适当。</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-foreign-pmc_detail_thesis/04000955872.html">Online conductivity monitoring of dialysis adequacy versus Kt/V derived from urea reduction ratio: A prospective study from a Saudi center</a> <b>[O] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Khalid Al Saran&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Khalid Al Saran,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Alaa Sabry&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Alaa Sabry,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Mamdouh Abdulghafour&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Mamdouh Abdulghafour,</a> <span>2009</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：从尿素减少率得出的透析能力与Kt / V的在线电导率监测：来自沙特中心的一项前瞻性研究</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/open-access_resources_thesis/0100067794703.html ">Use of online conductivity monitoring to study sodium mass balance in chronic haemodialysis patients: prospects for treatment individualisation</a> <b>[O] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Odudu, A&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Odudu, A,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lambie, S&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Lambie, S,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Taal, M W&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Taal, M W,</a> <span>2011</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：使用在线电导率监测来研究慢性血液透析患者的钠质量平衡：治疗个体化的前景</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>8. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/ntis-science-report_pb_thesis/020711228861.html">Fatal Accident Circumstances and Epidemiology (FACE) Report: City Water Worker Dies as a Result of Being Overcome by Natural Gas Vapors While Reading a Water Meter in a Confined Space in Ohio, July 1, 1985</a> <b>[R] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> </a> <span>1985</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：致命事故情况和流行病学（FaCE）报告：城市供水工人因在1985年7月1日在俄亥俄州的密闭空间读取水表而被天然气蒸汽克服而死亡</span> </p> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_microcomputer-information_thesis/0201277961594.html">基于在线水质监测仪电导率校准装置研制探讨</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=郭知明&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 郭知明</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=孙银合&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,孙银合</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=常子栋&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,常子栋</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-8933/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 微计算机信息 </a> </span> <span> . 2020</span><span>,第001期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_science-technology-innovation_thesis/0201278153669.html">基于在线水质监测仪电导率校准装置研制探讨</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=郭知明&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 郭知明</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=孙银合&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,孙银合</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=常子栋&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,常子栋</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-21767/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 科技与创新 </a> </span> <span> . 2020</span><span>,第001期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_electric-engineering_thesis/0201280114211.html">换流阀冷却系统冷却水电导率在线监测方法研究</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=李强&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 李强</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=耿要强&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,耿要强</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-8476/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 电工技术 </a> </span> <span> . 2020</span><span>,第018期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_food-machinery_thesis/020123154648.html">超声波诱导下模型酒电导率的在线监测及其与Fe2+/Fe3+的变化关系</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=颜艳英&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 颜艳英</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=王婷婷&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,王婷婷</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=付熙哲&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,付熙哲</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-9399/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 食品与机械 </a> </span> <span> . 2017</span><span>,第001期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_journal-measurement-science-instrumentation_thesis/0201223656587.html">应用在线电导率仪监测光卤石冷分解过程</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=王晓波&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 王晓波</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=侯元昇&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,侯元昇</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=李辉林&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,李辉林</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-8214/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 测试科学与仪器 </a> </span> <span> . 2015</span><span>,第002期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-7396_thesis/020221921894.html">在线血容量及中心静脉压监测在评估维持性血液透析患者干体重中的应用</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=徐金升&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 徐金升</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=张慧然&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,张慧然</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=张俊霞&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,张俊霞</a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-7396/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 中国工程院医药卫生学部肾脏病前沿论坛、第十三届华北地区暨北京市肾脏病学术年会 </a> <span> <span> . 2012</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020313013263.html">水质电导率在线监测系统的研究与设计</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=夏中良&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 夏中良</a> <span> . 2017</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120215782152.html">带有在线监测电导率的乳化反应釜</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN215917333U </span> <span> . 2022-03-01</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120212432366.html">一种在线式电导率监测仪</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN212433274U </span> <span> . 2021-01-29</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130429031279.html">CONDUCTIVITY METER, CONDUCTIVITY MEASURING METHOD, ABNORMALITY MONITOR OF ELECTRODE USING THEM AND ABNORMALITY MONITORING METHOD OF ELECTRODE</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  JP2009264954A </span> <span> . 2009-11-12</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：电导率仪，电导率测量方法，使用它们的电极异常监测器和电极异常监测方法 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130404342451.html">ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR CONDUCTIVITY METER OR RESISTIVITY METER, CONDUCTIVITY METER AND RESISTIVITY METER USING THE SAME ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US2019187084A1 </span> <span> . 2019-06-20</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：使用同一电极组件的电导率或电阻率仪的电极组件，电导率和电阻率仪 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130405096704.html">ELECTRODE FOR CONDUCTIVITY METER OR RESISTIVE METER, AND CONDUCTIVITY METER AND RESISTIVE METER USING THE SAME</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  JP2019109096A </span> <span> . 2019-07-04</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：电导率计或电阻计电极，以及使用该电极的电导率计和电阻计 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" onclick="ywcd('0704025110837','4',7,2,1,'',this,24)" class="delivery" prompt="010401" title="通过人工服务将文献原文发送至邮箱" >获取原文</div> <div class="journalsub-pop-up" style="display: none"> <div class="journal-sub"> <h2>期刊订阅</h2> <img src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/img/loginclose.png" alt="关闭" onclick="$('.journalsub-pop-up').hide()"> <p class="pardon">抱歉，该期刊暂不可订阅，敬请期待！</p> <p class="current">目前支持订阅全部北京大学中文核心（2020）期刊目录。</p> <div style="display: flex;margin-top: 69px;justify-content: space-between;"> <div class="no-sub" onclick="$('.journalsub-pop-up').hide()">暂不订阅</div> <div class="other-sub" onclick="continueSub('from=pc-detail')">继续订阅其他期刊</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right_btn"> <ul> <li class="gouwuche">  </li> <li class="yijian"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="link_analysis('/mycenter/auth/complaint.html',this)" title="意见反馈">意见反馈</a> </li> <li class="top"> <a href="javascript:scrollTo(0,0);" title="回到顶部">回到顶部</a> </li> <li class="shouye"> <a href="/" title="首页">回到首页</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="xllindexfooter"> <div class="xllindexfootercenter"> <div class="xllindexfooterleft left" > <div class="xllindexfooterleftli"> <ul> <li><a href="/about.html" title="关于掌桥">关于掌桥</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpmap.html" title="资源导航">资源导航</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpguide.html" title="新手指南">新手指南</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpcenter.html" title="常见问题">常见问题</a></li> <li><a href="/sitemap.html" title="网站地图">网站地图</a></li> <li><a href="/help/helpcenter.html?type=9" title="版权声明">版权声明</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="xllindexfooterleft"> <p class="xllindexfooterlefteamil">客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com</p> <div class="xllindexfooterlefttcp"> <div class="xllindexfooterpoliceiimg"></div> <div class="xllindexfooterpoliceispan"> <span>京公网安备：11010802029741号 </span> <span>ICP备案号：<a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="ICP备案号">京ICP备15016152号-6</a></span> <span>六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="xllindexfooterright left"> <ul> <li> <p style="font-weight: bold;">客服微信</p> <div></div> </li> <li> <p style="font-weight: bold;">服务号</p> <div></div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <span id="0704025110837down" data-source="7," data-out-id="Q5x15LstTQw/yVHyuo68Jg==," data-f-source-id="7" data-title="Iatrogenic hypernatremia in hemodialysis patients: A result of erroneous online conductivity monitor and conductivity meter reading" data-price="20" data-site-name="" data-transnum="24" style="display:none;"></span> <input type="hidden" value="4" id="sourcetype"> <input type="hidden" value="32486" id="journalid"> <input type="hidden" value="1" id="inyn_provide_service_level"> <input type="hidden" value="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com" id="imgcdn"> <input type="hidden" value="1" id="isdeatail"> <input type="hidden" value="" id="syyn_indexed_database"> <input type="hidden" value="" id="servicetype"> <input type="hidden" id="pagename" value="Iatrogenic hypernatremia in hemodialysis patients: A result of erroneous online conductivity monitor and conductivity meter reading"/> <input type="hidden" value="thesis_get_original" id="pageIdentification"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/lwlh_ajax.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/zq.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/common.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/top.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/tip.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/login.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/down.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/search.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/newmail.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/searchtype.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/user/regist.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/zxs_solor/detail.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/statistics/static/pagecollection.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/tj.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/sse.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/pushbaidu.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/common/history.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/util/cookie.js?v=5.7.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.zhangqiaokeyan.com/js/weipu/weipu.js?v=5.7.8"></script> </body> <script> function kefu(customization) { var from = GetQueryString("from"); if (from == null || from == "") { from = "other"; } var url = getWxWorkQrCode(55, from, customization); if (url == "" || typeof url == 'undefined') { url = "https://wework.qpic.cn/wwpic/994838_0LUTS-VqR0quT1N_1675665967/0"; } tipDocGuidance(url, '人工辅助获取外文期刊材料'); } $(function(){ var weiPuStatus = getCookie('WeiPuStatus'); if(weiPuStatus){ tipWeiPuStatus(weiPuStatus); delCookie('WeiPuStatus'); } getFacetKeywordVoInId(); var sourcetype = $("#sourcetype").val(); var inyn_provide_service_level = $("#inyn_provide_service_level").val(); if((sourcetype ==1||sourcetype==4)&&inyn_provide_service_level!=4){ getJournal(); } }) </script> </html>