Dietary patterns and relative expression levels of PPAR-gamma, VEGF-A and HIF-1 alpha genes in benign breast diseases: case-control and consecutive case-series designs

摘要

We aimed to study dietary patterns in association with the relative expression levels ofPPAR-gamma, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in women with benign breast disease (BBD). The study design was combinative, included a case-series and case-control compartments. Initially, eligible BBD patients (n77, aged 19-52 years old) were recruited at Nour-Nejat hospital, Tabriz, Iran (2012-2014). A hospital-based group of healthy controls was matched for age (n231, aged 20-63 years old) and sex. Dietary data were collected using a valid 136-item FFQ. Principal component analysis generated two main components (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.684), including a Healthy pattern (whole bread, fruits, vegetables, vegetable oils, legumes, spices, seafood, low-fat meat, skinless poultry, low-fat dairy products, nuts and seeds) and a Western pattern (starchy foods, high-fat meat and poultry, high-fat dairy products, hydrogenated fat, fast food, salt and sweets). High adherence to the Western pattern increased the risk of BBD (ORadj 5.59; 95 % CI 2.06, 15.10;P< 0.01), whereas high intake of the Healthy pattern was associated with a 74 % lower risk of BBD (95 % CI 0.08, 0.81;P< 0.05). In the BBD population, the Western pattern was correlated with over-expression ofHIF-1 alpha(r(adj)0.309,P< 0.05). There were inverse correlations between the Healthy pattern and expressions ofPPAR-gamma(r(adj)-0.338, P< 0.05),HIF-1 alpha(r(adj)-0.340,P< 0.05) and VEGF-A(r(adj)-0.286,P< 0.05). In conclusion, new findings suggested that the Healthy pattern was associated inversely with the risk of BBD, and this could be correlated with down-regulation of PPAR-gamma,VEGF-AandHIF-1 alpha genes, which might hold promise to preclude BBD of malignant pathological transformation.