Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice variety Jyothi (Ptb 39) through marker assisted selection

摘要

As in other rice growing locales around the world, in Kerala too, various climatic, edaphic, biological, physical, physiological and socio-economic variables impact the area, production, and productivity of the rice. Bacterial blight (BE), an important biotic stress caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) assumes a huge role in deciding rice profitability in Kerala. PTB 39 (Jyothi) and Mo 16 (Uma) are both elite rice varieties of Kerala, but extremely susceptible to the bacterial blight. Host-plant resistance is advocated as the most effective breeding strategy to combat the BB in contrast to the use of hazardous plant protection chemicals. Breeders have attempted to introgress disease resistance genes (R-genes) into rice cultivars to impart BB resistance. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) enables pyramiding multiple R-genes along with rapid background recovery of the recurrent parent, while maintaining the exquisite quality characteristics of rice. Considering the impact of the disease on foodsecurity and sustainability, efforts to introgress three R-genes (xa5, xal3 and Xa21) into the variety Jyothi from donor parent Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) through MAS were made. Foreground selection of the BC2F4 individuals was done using the SequenceTagged Sites (STS) as well as functional markers. Foreground selection of the BC2F4 individuals was done using the xa5 gene linked STS marker RG556. Restriction digestion of the PCR product of the STS marker with Dral restriction enzyme, resulted in production of alleles of size 238bp and 438bp in all the BC_2F_4 individuals including the parents, indicating the presence of R-gene xa5. Amplification of DNA of the individuals with the functional marker xaSSR further confirmed the presence of R-gene xa5in the parents as well as in the 51 BC_2F_4 individuals. Foreground selection with STS marker pTA 248 to detect the presence ofXa21 gene revealed that in BC_2F_4Plant No. 9 and plant no. 21 amplicon of size 992 bp, as found in the donor parent ISM was present. And background selection was done by using rice microsatellite (RM) simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers.