A comparative study of the immuno-modulatory activities of ethanol extracts and crude polysaccharide fractions from Annona muricata L.

摘要

This study compared the immuno-modulatory effects of ethanol extracts (A. muricata L. ethanol extracts, ALE) and crude polysaccharide fraction (A. muricata L. crude polysaccharide fraction, ALP) from Annona muricata L. in macrophages. Immuno-modulatory activity was determined by assessing cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and cytokine production in RAW 264.7 a macrophage cell line. Both ALE and ALP treatment did not affect cytotoxicity, and ALP treatment significantly increased NO production. Additionally, cytokine production [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a; 2909.04±4.1 pg/mL), interleukin (IL)-6; 662.84±5.3 pg/mL, and IL-1P; 852.37±2.2 pg/mL), was highly increased in the ALP (250 ug/mL) treated group compared to the ALE (250 ug/mL) treated group (TNF-a; 1564.50±6.1 pg/mL, IL-6; 517.24±4.1 pg/mL and IL-1(3; 237.23±1.8 pg/mL). Moreover, ALP treatment considerably increased the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-KB (NF-kB) in the macrophages. Therefore, ALP can induce macrophage activation through MAPK and NF-kB signaling and this can be a potential candidate for development of nutraceuticals.