Compositions of Melts for Growth of Functional Single Crystals of Complex Oxides and Other Compounds

摘要

The melt compositions (M-c) are calculated for growing crystals with valuable physical properties. The calculation is based on the compositions of the invariant points of the liquidus curves for 33 congruently and 12 incongruently melting solid phases of 42 fusibility diagrams of binary systems. These systems include Na, Ca, Ba, Mg, and Y aluminates; Bi and Pb germanates; Li, K, Ba, and Bi borates; Ba, Fe, Sr, and Bi titanates; Li, K, Cs, Ba, Zn, Ca niobates; Li, Pb, and Gd molibdates; Pb and Nd tungstates; etc. More than 60 studies with data on the experimentally found melt compositions (M-c) for growing the noted crystals are analyzed. It is shown that the melt compositions M-c and M-e for growth of congruently and incongruently melting crystals are similar. Large-size stoichiometric crystals of high optical quality are grown using these melt compositions. Nonstoichiometric crystals of low structural quality are grown from melt compositions either corresponding to the stoichiometric ratio of the components (M-s) or similar to the compositions at invariant points (M-i). In these cases, a large difference is observed between the melt compositions M-c, M-s, and M-e.