Recent advances in oral delivery of biologics: nanomedicine and physical modes of delivery

摘要

ABSTRACT, Introduction: Research into oral delivery of biologies has a long and rich history but has not produced technologies used in the clinic. The area has evolved in terms of strategies to promote oral biologies delivery from early chemical absorption enhancers to nanomedicine to devices. Continued activity in this area is justifiable considering the remarkable proliferation of biologies. Areas covered: The article discusses some physiological barriers to oral delivery of biologies, with a special focus on less characterized barriers such as the basement membrane. Recent progress in oral delivery of biologies via nanomedicine is subsequently covered. Finally, the emerging field of device-mediated gastrointestinal delivery of biotherapeutics is discussed. Expert opinion: Oral delivery of biologies is considered a 'panacea' in drug delivery. Almost century-old approaches of utilizing chemical absorption enhancers have not produced clinically translated technologies. Nanomedicine for oral biologies delivery has demonstrated potential, but the field is relatively new, and technologies have not progressed to the clinic. Device-mediated oral biologies delivery (e.g. ultrasound or microneedles) is in its infancy. However, this space is likely to intensify owing to advances in electronics and materials, as well as the challenges and history related to clinical translation of alternative approaches.