Endoscopic Closure of Gastrointestinal Fistulas and Leaks

摘要

A gastrointestinal (Gl) fistula is an abnormal connection between an abdominal organ and another organ (internal fistula) or the body surface (external fistula). These fistulae may arise from malignant or inflammatory conditions, or may be iatrogenic, occurring after surgery, endoscopic therapy, or radiation therapy. Traditionally, conservative measures and surgical therapy has been the mainstay of treatment of Gl fistulae. However, surgical therapy tends to be complex and is plagued by high rates of morbidity.1 In recent years, advances in interventional endoscopic techniques have altered the management paradigm for Gl fistula, allowing for an additional option before considering surgery.