Effects of a diet naturally rich in polyphenols on lipid composition of postprandial lipoproteins in high cardiometabolic risk individuals: an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

摘要

Background/Objectives Plasma lipoprotein composition, especially in the postprandial state, could be relevant for cardiovascular risk and could be influenced by eating habits. This study evaluated the effects of a polyphenol-rich diet on postprandial lipoprotein composition in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk. Subjects/Methods Seventy-eight individuals with high waist circumference and at least another component of the metabolic syndrome were randomized to either a high-polyphenol (HighP) or low-polyphenol (LowP) diet. Before and after the 8-week intervention, chylomicrons, VLDL1, VLDL2, IDL, LDL, HDL particles, and their lipid concentrations were determined over a 6-h high-fat test meal with high or low-polyphenol content, according to the diet assigned. Results VLDL1 postprandial areas under the curve (AUCs) were lower for cholesterol (Chol) (1.48 +/- 0.98 vs. 1.91 +/- 1.13 mmol/L x 6 h, M +/- SD, p = 0.014) and triglycerides (Tg) (4.70 +/- 2.70 vs. 6.02 +/- 3.07 mmol/L x 6 h, p = 0.005) after the HighP than after the LowP diet, with no changes in Chol/Tg ratio. IDL Chol AUCs were higher after the HighP than after the LowP diet (1.29 +/- 0.77 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.51 mmol/L x 6 h, p = 0.037). LDL Tg AUCs were higher after the HighP than after the LowP diet (1.15 +/- 0.33 vs. 1.02 +/- 0.35 mmol/L x 6 h, p < 0.001), with a lower Chol/Tg ratio (14.6 +/- 4.0 vs. 16.0 +/- 3.8, p = 0.007). HDL Tg AUCs were lower after the HighP than after the LowP diet (1.20 +/- 0.41 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.37 mmol/L x 6 h, p = 0.013). Conclusions A high-polyphenol diet reduces the postprandial lipid content of large VLDL and increases IDL cholesterol; it modifies the composition of LDL particles-which become richer in triglycerides, and of HDL-which become instead triglyceride poor. The overall changes in atherogenicity by these effects warrant further investigation on clinical cardiovascular outcomes.