Effects of dietary intake patterns from 1 to 4years on BMI z-score and body shape at age of 6 years: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil

摘要

PurposeTo assess the association between dietary intake patterns from 1 to 4years and BMI and body shape at age of 6years.MethodsThis longitudinalstudy was based on3374 Brazilian children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. We used previously described dietary patterns from 1 to 4years as the main exposure. We defined body shape using scores for corpulence (a recently described body shape component measured by Photonic Scanner), and trunk and gynoid fat mass percentage from DXA. We run linear regression models to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns from 1 to 4years and BMI and body shape at 6years.ResultsSeveral apparent associations between dietary patterns and BMI or body shape were explained by sociodemographic factors. High adherence to snacks (positive loadings to coffee, bread and cookies) at 4years predicted lower BMI, but higher gynoid fat mass percentage at 6 years, while higher adherence to staple at 2years (positive loadings to rice and beans) predicted higher trunk fat mass and lower gynoid fat mass. Finally, higher scores on milks at 1year (positive loading to breast milk) predicted higher gynoid fat mass at 6years.ConclusionThere were inconsistent associations between dietary patterns in infancy and early childhood and BMI and body shape at 6years. In adjusted analyses, higher adherence to breast milk at 1year and to snacks at 4years appeared to be beneficial for body shape, associated with lower BMI, but higher peripheral fat.