Clinical Results of the Hoffer H-5 Formula in 2707 Eyes: First 5th-generation Formula Based on Gender and Race

摘要

Intraocular lens (IOL) formulas have evolved over the past 4 decades primarily by improving methods to predict the effective lens position (ELP). The first generation of formulas used a fixed constant for all IOLs, for example, Colenbrander,1 Fyodorov et al,2 and van der Heidje.3 This changed in 1981 when Hoffer4'5 showed that the postoperative ELP at 3 months was directly proportional to the axial length (AL) of the eye (Fig. 1) and could be used to predict the ELP using a formula: ELP = 2.93 xAL-2.92 thus creating the second-generation formula. Others followed with various methods to take this AL factor into consideration. Olsen and Hoffmann6 later proved this conclusively in a very large published series.