Introduction: In the past few decades, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has become successful in treating a variety of hematologic disorders, both benign and malignant, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, sickle cell disease, among others. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has emerged as an important and highly morbid complication of allo-HSCT, limiting the success of allo-HSCT. It is a multifactorial, immune-mediated disease involving a complex interaction between donor and recipient cells, particularly involving CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Incidence of GVHD in post-allo-HSCT patients has been reported to be from 10% to 90%. Overall mortality after allo-HSCT, including causes unrelated to GVHD, has been reported to be about 40%.
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