Physical therapy interventions for gross motor skillsin people with an intellectual disability aged 6 yearsand over: a systematic review

摘要

Aim: The systematic review was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions forimproving gross motor skills (GMSs) in people with an intellectual disability aged 6 years and older. There is a lack ofphysical therapy research for GMSs in this population, and no prior systematic review. People with an intellectualdisability may require specific teaching approaches within therapy interventions to accommodate their cognitive andlearning needs. People with an intellectual disability who suffer from GMS deficits can benefit from physical therapy tohelp improve their GMSs. Methods: Data sources were PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and ProQuest. Reference lists of relevant identified articleswere also hand searched. Papers published in English from 1 January 2008 to 22 October 2014 were considered forinclusion. This start date was chosen to reflect the tenets of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Personswith Disabilities which was ratified in 2008. Eligible study designs for inclusion were randomized controlled trial (RCT), pseudo-RCT, repeated measures, and casereport. Overall, 887 potential articles were identified, of which 42 were retrieved for full-text review, and seven werefinally included. Critical appraisal was independently conducted by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Instituteappraisal checklists; no articles were excluded following critical appraisal. Data extraction was performed usingJoanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument data extraction instruments.Results: High heterogeneity between the studies precluded meta-analysis of the results; a narrative synthesis wascompleted instead. Two RCTs, two pseudo-RCTs, two repeated measures studies, and one case report were included.Studies varied in regard to participants' intellectual disability, and the clinical interventions used. Interventions werewell tolerated with negligible adverse effects. Significant improvements were reported for cadence and non-dimensionalized gait velocity following body-weight-supported gait training; cadence following lower limb strength-ening exercises; and the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 measures following adapted judo training. These resultssuggest that task-specific training may be useful. However, the overall quality of evidence was low. Conclusion: The evidence identified by this systematic review supporting physical therapy for improving GMSs inpeople with an intellectual disability was limited because of the low quality of studies (only two were RCTs) and onlythree statistically significant findings. Given the current paucity of evidence, a future systematic review, which soughtto identify evidence regarding interventions used by a range of health and education professionals for improvingGMSs in people with an intellectual disability, could provide a broader evidence base for clinical interventions whichmay be utilized by physical therapists.