An air mass‐derived cool season climatology of synoptically forced Appalachian cold‐air damming

Ellis Andrew W.; Marston Michael L.; Nelson Daniel A.

摘要

ABSTRACT xml:id="joc5189-para-0001"> An air mass approach was used to identify episodes of cool season cold‐air damming ( <fc>CAD</fc> ) within the central Appalachian Mountains region of the eastern United States. Daily air mass type data were used to identify days on which moist polar ( <fc>MP</fc> ) air was regionally evident east of the mountains, while non‐ <fc>MP</fc> air was in place at nearby stations west of the mountains. Over a 35‐year study period, 219 <fc>CAD</fc> days were identified (6 per year) with the annual frequency exhibiting no trend but suggesting that El Ni?o (La Ni?a) coincides with a greater (lesser) frequency of <fc>CAD</fc> days in winter (December–February). Synoptic atmospheric composites reveal west‐to‐east migration of a parent anticyclone to a classic position along the border of the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. This coincides with a pattern of amplifying and slowly eastward‐moving 500 <fc>hPa</fc> height anomalies characterized by positive (negative) values over eastern (western) North America that are signalled a few days in advance by the index representing the Pacific‐North American teleconnection pattern. Confinement of the <fc>CAD</fc> below the 850 <fc>hPa</fc> level is evident in the synoptic wind field, while the composite vertical profile of the atmosphere within the <fc>CAD</fc> environment further depicts the shallow nature of the surface‐based cool, moist air. Northeasterly winds at the surface veer to southeasterly within a few hundred metres above the surface, and then southwesterly at less than one km above the surface, at the 850 <fc>hPa</fc> level. The air ma </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：id =“joc5189-abs-0001”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> < P XML：ID =“JOC5189-PARA-0001”>空气质量方法用于识别美国东部地区中央阿巴拉契亚山脉地区凉爽季节冷空坝（<FC> CAD </ FC>）的集。每日空气质量类型数据用于识别哪些日子，潮湿极性（<FC> MP </ FC>）空气在山上区域显而易见，而非<FC> MP </ FC>空气在附近就位山西的站。在35年年的研究期间，219 <FC> CAD </ FC>天被确定（＆每年6个），年频率表现出没有趋势，但表明EL NI？O（LA NI？A）恰逢A冬季（12月至2月）的<FC> CAD </ FC>天的频率更大（较小）。天气大气复合材料展示了父母反气旋的西部到东部迁移到美国东北部和加拿大东南部的经典位置。这与扩增和缓慢向后移动的500 <FC> HPA </ FC>高度异常的模式一致，其特征在于东部（Western）北美的积极（负）值，该标号由代表的指数提前几天发出通知太平洋 - 北美扎切模式。在Synoptic风电场下，850 <FC> HPA </ Fc>水平下方的<FC> CAD </ FC>的限制，而<FC> CAD>环境中大气的复合垂直轮廓进一步描述了基于表面的凉爽潮湿空气的浅性质。在地面上方的地表中的地表向东南部的东北蜿蜒而来，然后在850 <FC> HPA </ FC>水平上以上的400米。空气 </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-21026/'>《International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第2期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共13页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ellis Andrew W.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Ellis Andrew W.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Marston Michael L.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Marston Michael L.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Nelson Daniel A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Nelson Daniel A.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of GeographyVirginia TechBlacksburg VA USA;</p> <p>Department of GeographyVirginia TechBlacksburg VA USA;</p> <p>Department of GeographyVirginia TechBlacksburg VA USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/1232.html" title="气候学">气候学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=synoptic classification&option=203" rel="nofollow">synoptic classification;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=cold‐air damming&option=203" rel="nofollow">cold‐air damming;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Appalachian Mountains&option=203" rel="nofollow">Appalachian Mountains;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：天气分类;冷空气坝;阿巴拉契亚山脉; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" 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