The main two options of drainage from the pelvis following pyeloplasty are; firstly, nephrostomy or pyelostomy for external drainage with or without a trans-anastomotic stent and secondly, internal drainage with a double J stent. The main concern with the procedure of internal double J stents is the technical difficulty in accurate placement with laparoscopic approach. Retrograde placement just before and antegrade placement during pyeloplasty are currently practiced widely and surgeons learn to perform them successfully with experience.
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