GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF BLACK BEANS FOR THE SOUTHEAST OF MEXICO(1954-2018)

摘要

In the southeast of Mexico, the great majority of bean plantings are made with black-seeded cultivars, due to its high commercial demand throughout the region. Bean production is carried out in two well-defined crop seasons; the most widely used is the fall-winter (September-December) under residual moisture regime, and in the summer (June-September), during the rainy season. Yields obtained are generally less than 700 kg ha"1, since the crop is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors, among them are fungal and viral diseases, such as rust, angular leaf spot and bean golden yellow bean mosaic virus (BGYMV), acid soils of low fertility and terminal drought, which commonly occurs during the reproductive stage of the crop. The INIFAP bean breeding program for the southeast of Mexico has generated over the years several improved tropical black bean cultivars with tolerance and adaptation to these limiting factors, so the objective of this work is to show the advances of this program.