Stimulation of chemokines in human endometrial stromal cells by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma is similar under apoptotic and non-apoptotic conditions

摘要

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma are pro-inflammatory cytokines which have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of implantation disorders. Both cytokines in combination are able to sensitize primarily resistant human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) to Fas-induced apoptosis. Since CCL (CC-chemokine ligand) 5 and CCL2 are important regulators of the endometrial immune cell population, we examined the impact of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on these two chemokines under non-apoptotic and apoptotic conditions.