The Yield Rate and Quality of Tubers of Early Ripening Potato Varieties in the Conditions of Organic Agriculture of the Tyumen Region

摘要

Manufacturers start growing potatoes based on the wide use of mineral fertilizers and means of chemical protection. Over the summer, chemical treatment is repeated ten or more times, which is dangerous to the environment and human health. The articleanalyzed the results of studying the influence of organic farming on the yield and quality of tubers of early potato varieties. The authors' research was aimed at obtaining organic potatoes by selecting varieties that were immune and resistant to the Colorado beetles, and by using green manure. As a result of five years of research, the authors had managed to identify varieties Kamensky and Bryanskyranny, the vegetation period of which is 2 to 3 days shorter than that of the reference variety Zhukovskyranny. In the budding phase, varieties Kamensky and Bryanskyranny had well developed leaf surface; by this time, on the plants of variety Zhukovskyranny, larvae of the Colorado potato beetle had destroyed 28 to 30% of the leaf surface. Over the years of research, the yield rate of varieties Kamensky and Bryanskyranny was not high, but was higher by 3.9 to 4.8 t/ha, compared to the reference. The starch content in tubers of the reference variety Zhukovskyranny was 11.5%, and that of the studied varietieswas by 2.2 to 2.3% higher. Inverse relationship (r=0.46 to 0.51) has been established between the starch content and the yield rate. Taste evaluation of potato varieties Kamensky and Bryanskyranny was 3.6 to 4.5 points. During the winter storage, the loss of the yield amounted to 4.9 to 6.5% for all studied potato varieties. The level of profitability of early ripening potato varieties in the conditions of organic farming in the Tyumen region amounted to 97.4%. Studies in this area should be continued with the use of a wide choice of domestic varieties, and in case of local breeding, due attention is to be paid to creating and testing new potato varieties in case of late planting.