I was seeing patients in clinic on October 7th when I learned that the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine had been awarded to Dr Gregg Semenza, Sir Peter Ratcliffe, and Dr William Kaelin Jr—three scientists who led seminal studies that described how cells sense and adapt to changing oxygen availability. I was floored, not by the fact that this work warranted such an honor—it unfolded over more than two decades and has tremendous implications in medicine, from oncology to kidney disease. No, I was floored because I knew this work so well, and in particular one of the researchers, Bill Kaelin.
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